From Cradle to Grave - Amsterdam data reveals the life of David Baruch Lousada #44 of Livorno, Barbados, France and Amsterdam (see here for a presentation on his life)
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The 1673 Amsterdam marriage of David Baruch Lousada
#44 his 2nd
https://www.dutchjewry.org/sephar_tim/pers/1996pers.shtml |
The Louzada
house 'Isle of Barbados' was on Swanenburgerstraat
near the
Sephardic Synagogue of Amsterdam, but whether
it
appears in the image above of Swanenburgerstraat is not known.
In any case, it has long since disappeared as now there is a
large music
theatre in the area!
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The 1677 Amsterdam marriage of David Baruch Lousada
#44 his 3rd
https://www.dutchjewry.org/sephar_tim/pers/2082pers.shtml |
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From Cradle to Grave - Amsterdam data reveals the life of David Baruch Lousada #44 of Livorno, Barbados, France and Amsterdam (see here for a presentation on his life)
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David 1640-99 #44 was a resident of the English colony of Barbados (see note 11 below), the source of family wealth (see middle image above!). The above marriage records are silent about Barbados, showing only that he was born in Livorno in 1640 and that his parents subsequently moved to Amsterdam. The timing of the family's arrival in Amsterdam can be obtained from records of their Synagogue taxes, which show his father's arrival in 1662 with Jacob #1388 and Solomon #1501. David arrived in 1672 after his Barbados stay whereupon his 1673 marriage suggests he travelled via France (see note 10 below). David became the leading commercial achiever of the family after Jacob died in 1681 and his trade interests were not limited to Barbados (see note 13 below). David visited Barbados again after his 1677 marriage (see ref 5) but was soon back in Amsterdam for he witnessed 2 interesting Sephardic marriages in Amsterdam in 1679 and 1682 (see note 1 below). In 1686, the year his mother Luna died, he paid the Mahamad for a kaddish to be said for his parents and also his brother Jacob (see note 12 below). In Amsterdam David was Gabay of the Aby Yetomin (see note 9 below) in 1683, and this can be seen in his death record (see note 2 below). He was a member of DOTAR, a charity providing dowries for orphan Jewish girls (see note 8 below). He was Gabay of the Terra Santa charity, providing funding for devout Sephardim who travelled to Jerusalem (ref 108). He made his last visit to Barbados in 1696 (see note 6 below) after the death there of Aaron #376 (a cousin - see note 12 below). David #44 died in Amsterdam in late 1699 (see note 2 below) and he was buried in Beth Haim at Oudekerk.
David's 1st marriage (see note 8 below) produced 2 children, Jacob ~1660-1711 #711 (a step-son - see note 6 below) and Rebecca Hannah 1667-1716 #1452 (see note 5 below), then in Amsterdam came Isaac 1672-1721 #1297 (from the 1673 marriage but see note 10 below) who married Rebecca (daughter of David's brother Jacob) in Bevis Marks in 1696 (see here for details) and Solomon 1678-1739 #381 (from the 1677 marriage) who married Sarah (daughter of his cousin Moses) in Bevis Marks on 15 Kislev 5469 (this marriage was recorded in the same year in Amsterdam). These marriages of 1696 and 1709 were between cousins and can be seen in the chart of the broader family. We suggest that Isaac #1297 spent a year or two around 1700 in Surinam where his son David was born and then on arrival in Curacao took on the community duty of administrator of burials in 1700 with his son David following him in 1733. Isaac #1297 like his father was a member of DOTAR (in 1714 - see ref 107) so he must have travelled to Amsterdam for a period around this time, but spent much of his life in Curacao where he died in 1721. David #44 left a long line of traceable descendants through his daughter Rebecca Hannah (see note 5 below) and his son Isaac #1297 (see next paragraph). Solomon bought a house in Amsterdam on 3 Dec 1709, presumably to live in with his new wife (ref 291). Solomon and his 2 sons David and Moses were the last Baruch Lousadas of Amsterdam.
The family presence in Barbados led to links with Curacao and Surinam, possibly reflecting their flourishing economies in contrast to the more static outlook for Barbados. Rebecca Hannah lived a married life in Curacao from around 1685, and his sister Gracia de Mercado of Barbados retired to Curacao (becoming Gracia de Caceres). A direct Amsterdam link with Curacao and Surinam can be inferred from the 1699 financial settlement. This concerned a family dispute which had been unresolved since 1685 when Aaron #376 in Barbados raised it by not signing family accounts. The settlement followed not only the death of Aaron in Barbados but also the death of the London Moses #46 earlier in 1699. It is hard to avoid the thought that David was the author and financier of the settlement, the principals of which were David, the estate of Moses #46, and the London in-law of Aaron #376 ie Isaac Gomes Henriques. It covers a 2nd Moses who was probably a full brother of David (see note 7 below where we distinguish this 2nd Moses from Moses #46). Our work indicates this is Moses #1585 who arrived in Surinam around 1670 and then left for Curacao before 1695 where he appeared in Gracia's 1700 will (ref 113 p194); he was prominent in the business affairs of Curacao until his death there in 1724. The current-day Louzadas of The Netherlands thus derive from David #44 and Isaac #1297 (see here).
Notes:
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3. Abraham was a son of Isaac Henriquez Moron, possibly the same Isaac Henriquez Moron who clashed with Commander de Fijne of Pomeroon in 1663 (ref 21). His wife was Rebecca Mocatta from a family with Livorno and well as Recife history. Pomeroon was a Dutch settlement which for almost a decade was a very successful sugar producer - this success was because of its experienced Jewish planters from Brazil, probably all of whom reached Pomeroon via Amsterdam. See elsewhere for the connection Pomeroon had with the formation of Surinam.
4. Isaac was only a namesake of the famous physician and philosopher who took part in the debates leading to the ex-communication of Baruch Spinoza and Juan de Prado by the Amsterdam Jewish community (see ref 18). The life of the original Isaac Orobio de Castro is also instructive. He was born in Braganza around 1617 as Baltazar de Orobio, to a New Christian family that tenaciously preserved Jewish rites in secret. His family moved to Spain, which had become for a time relatively more tolerant than Portugal of New Christians of doubtful Christian faith, settling in Malaga. He became a medical student at the University of Osuna in Andalucía and continued at the University of Alcala together with religious studies at Madre de Dios there (Juan de Prado also went there). The family tangled with the Spanish Inquisition at Cuenca. After a period in Seville where Isaac (Baltazar) served at the University and also as the physician of the Duke de Medinaceli, he ran foul of the Inquisition and ultimately made a departure around 1660 from Spain to the Bayonne region where crypto-Jewish relatives lived and with whom Baltazar's family had stayed in contact for many decades. In 1662 he went to Amsterdam where he was able to live as a Jew, and joined in many philosophical and religious discussions there.
5. David #44 was a father in Barbados. Though a Jewish Barbados marriage was possible for a formal Jewish community had existed in Barbados since about 1654 (ref 21), we consider he married before reaching Barbados (see notes 6 and 8). David was the father of daughter Rebecca Hannah who was born in Barbados in 1667 who married Abraham Henriques Moron (see note 3) in Curacao circa 1685 and died in Curacao in 1716. Abraham and the children then went to Amsterdam but in his 1718 will (ref 113 p146) left a bequest to Rebecca's Curacao niece Clara a daughter of Isaac #1297 her (probable half-) brother (see note 6 below). Later Rebecca's daughter Esther married Isaac Orobio de Castro in Amsterdam in 1721 (see note 4 above).
6. Jacob #711 appears to have been born around 1660 perhaps before David reached Barbados. The account below of Jacob's children quite strongly hints that David was not Jacob's father and thus Jacob may have been a step-son of David, and the name of the paternal grandfather Isaac being given to David's son Isaac #1297 points in the same direction. The identity of the paternal grandfather of Jacob #711 is found in note 8 below. Jacob appears to have lived his life in the English-speaking world of Barbados, with evidence of only one trip away for he travelled with wife Rebecca and his 'father' back to Barbados in 1696 (see ref 182 and ref 5). In Barbados, Jacob was an adult by 1680 for he appeared (ref 5) in 1679 as a member of a company of soldiers under Lt-Col Samuel Tidcombe, he was a property-owner in Barbados in 1679-80 (see table dealing with property ownership 1679-80 in ref 207 PTI p3 - our page numbering; perhaps this was property left to him by David upon departure for Amsterdam), and he witnessed the will of Aaron Navarro in 1685 (ref 5 but see here for a further Navarro connection). He was endenized in 1687 (see note 11 below). Jacob and Rebecca lost at least 2 young sons in Barbados (Eliahu in 1681 and Isaac in 1686 - see here for our discussion of the dates of death). Jacob's wife Rebecca died shortly after arrival back in Barbados (ref 61 #163), Jacob's second wife Rachel died in Barbados in 1710 (ref 61 #146), and Jacob himself died in 1711 (https://rdc.reed.edu/c/jewishatl/s/r?_pp=20&query=jacob%20baruch%20louzada&s=aaa23dbe277bac6b8906ca430030d62e7f69a2d7&p=3&pp=1 - note this burial is not recorded by ref 61). Jacob was a widower when he died (his will is indexed in ref 85 noting his estate was administered by creditor Abraham Francis Nunes - perhaps this was Abraham Franco Nunes his 'cousin' being a son of Luna #1502). Our notes on resolving the Jacobs of Barbados can be found here.
7. Though widely regarded as a brother, Moses #46 was alive at the same time as the younger Moses #1585 and thus seems to have been a step-brother of David #44. David #44, Abraham #45 and the younger Moses #1585 appear as brothers in the family settlement of 1699 and were undoubtedly the sons of both Isaac and Luna, and it is therefore clear that Moses #46 of London was certainly not the son of both Isaac and Luna and possibly the son of neither. See note 12 for our further thinking on the relation between David #44, Moses #46 and Aaron #376 of Barbados.
8. The Barbados daughter (see note 5) of David and his 1st wife was Rebecca Hannah, which we read as 'Rebecca de Hannah', that is her mother was Hannah. She was a widow (see note 6) giving David a step-son Jacob #711. Because ref 107 shows grandniece Rebecca de Raphael Montezinos of Livorno was in DOTAR ballots for 1692 and 1700, we observe here that David's 1st wife first married a Montezinos uncle of Raphael Montezinos of Livorno. Jacob Montezinos #3907 was thus the paternal grandfather of Jacob #711, and also the father-in-law of Hannah and, we suggest, the same Jacob Montezinos who was David's 1673 marriage witness (see marriage record above), the parents of the bride presumably still in France (see note 10). David's continuing connection with his Montezinos in-laws had a nice parallel in that the groom's witness for David's 1677 Amsterdam marriage was the brother of his 1673 bride! That is, in both cases David's relationship with his ex-in-laws survived the loss of each wife, though perhaps residual dowry obligations were at stake in both cases with the early death of each wife. In note 1 we see David returned the favour in 1679. The Paris birth of Esther of course suggests David's 2nd marriage took place in France. Perhaps his 1st marriage did as well - for it was not in Livorno - and one can imagine scenarios in which David and the widowed Hannah became entangled at her relatives place in France!
9. Aby Yetomin was a charitable society caring for orphan boys - see note 120 of Chapter 3 of ref 90 for the relationship of this charity with the community. As Ton Tielen reported on 13 Dec 2018: 'The only surviving archival relic of this brotherhood is online these days – thanks to the Amsterdam City Archives - and me requesting its digitization a few years ago. Aby Yetomin was founded in 1648, to provide money for the education of orphan boys'. Ref 338 is a study of how Aby Yetomin evolved in Amsterdam and some of the orphans helped - one was Moses Nunes da Costa, admitted in 1675 and apprenticed to the stockbrokers Isaac and Moses Henriques Faro (completed in 1687 ie he was supported for 12 years). The Henriques Faro family appears here - Isaac #1686 may be the Isaac Henriques Faro referred to.
10. Isaac was probably of the 1673 marriage. The 1691 Sermon Book of David #44 was printed to commemorate the bar mitzvah of David's 2 Amsterdam sons and allows one to deduce the birthdate of Isaac which precedes the 1673 marriage while the birthdate of Solomon falls nicely after the 1677 marriage. We suggest here an explanation in the case of Isaac relating to a secular or Catholic marriage elsewhere (eg France) which then would have needed to be confirmed by the 1673 Jewish Amsterdam marriage above. David's stepson Jacob (see note 6) is missing from the sermon book, but being born around 1660 his bar mitzvah would have been in Barbados after David left! The sermon book is discussed in ref 297.
11. See ref 5 which reports his 1664 endenization. About this, ref 74 states endenization occurred in England but it was probable that only recording and ratification occurred in England - ref 42 is more circumspect, only referring to David as being in Barbados. It is much more likely that endenization was done in Barbados by the Governor as the policy of local endenization was not banned until 1699/1700. About step-son Jacob's endenization, again see ref 74 but as just observed in the case of his father this was probably done in Barbados by the Governor. James Bruch Louzada endenized 16 Dec 1687 (ref 42 #107) was probably Jacob.
12. Aaron was almost certainly a cousin and possibly a step-brother, of David #44. Aaron and Moses #46 are much more likely to have been a pair of full brothers - see note 7 for our comparison of Moses #46 and Moses #1585. Isaac #42 may have first married the widow of David #1584 his brother, and whom we deduce elsewhere was the father of Aaron #376 of Barbados, but then married Luna when the widow also died. David's brother (see ref 99) Jacob #1388 died in 1681 and probably being older (as judged by his date of death and also by the fact that he was until his death the biggest imposta payer of his family - see ref 105) was a son of Isaac's 1st marriage.
13. There are several examples showing the diversity of David's trading activities. Daniel Baruch Louzada of Boston appears in ref 175 #4 in connection with a commercial bill - and this reveals his probable brother David as a financial partner. Then in May 2018, thanks to Fernanado Gonzalez del Campo Roman, a trading link to Martinique involving David Baruch Lousada was located in the Amsterdam Notary Archive - this reawakened our suspicion that Aaron Lamego proceeded to Jamaica from Bordeaux via Martinique (perhaps now preferred over Guadeloupe!) and Saint Domingue. A summary of the second document is reproduced below and the reference is https://notarieel.archief.amsterdam/f/13.835.058.220.908/files. The 3 pages we have extracted are shown here.
