differing crests

Page 87: Granted on 6 Dec 1828 to Samuel Nunes Cardozo of Hackney, merchant of London: Sable five bezants in saltire a chief indented argent thereon three stalks of tobacco each consisting of three leaves proper. Crest: A demi savage affronte proper holding in his dexter hand a stalk of tobacco as in the arms and his sinister hand resting on a triangle gold. Motto: Amor fraternus (College of Arms).

Page 84: Granted on 12 Dec 1828 to Joseph Barrow Barrow, merchant of Madras, third son of Samuel Nunes Cardozo, formerly Joseph Barrow Cardozo having been granted authority to use the surname Barrow by Royal Licence on 30 Nov 1827: Erminois on a saltire engrailed azure a pine apple or between four star pagodas proper a chief argent thereon waves of the sea in the sinister chief point the sun all proper on a canton gules a caduceus of the third. Crest: A demi bear sable charged on the shoulder with a star pagoda as in the arms, in the mouth an arrow point downwards or holding between the paws a caduceus proper. Motto: Amor fraternus (College of Arms).

Page 84: Granted on 26 Feb 1829 to Simon Barrow and his only sister Bella, wife of Samuel Lyon de Symons, and her descendants. In Jun 1808 he obtained a grant to him and his descendants and to his only sister Bella then the wife of Moses Baruh Lousada and her descendants which warrant was not carried into effect: Per saltire or and erminois on a saltire azure between a caduceus in chief and a pine apple in base proper 2 swords in saltire argent pommels and hilts gold. Crest: On a wreath of the colours a demi bear sable semé of fleurs de lis argent muzzled or holding in the dexter paw an arrow point downwards proper (College of Arms).

In addition Jacob Barrow #60 married Jael Nunes #61, and his will shows a bequest to Samuel Nunes Cardozo.

Some answers were given on 17 Oct 2016 by Geoffrey Cardozo who advised as follows:

"I am a direct descendant of Samuel Nunes Cardozo (d.1839) and his wife Ann (née Page) through his son Benjamin (b.1815) whose brother, Joseph Barrow Cardozo (b.1803), went out to India, lived at San Tome, near Madras, and traded under the name of Barrow & Co. (a House of Agency; East India Company). I am not sure if he created this firm himself or if it had existed before his arrival. This Joseph Barrow Cardozo, who married Matilda Charlotte Marriott in 1836, died in 1842. In November 1827, by Royal Licence, he had been granted permission to use the surname of Barrow and, a year later in December 1828, he was granted a coat of arms, based very largely on those of your family but still retaining the motto (Amor Fraternus) of the Nunes Cardozo family who, a week previously, had been granted their own coat of arms (to Samuel Nunes Cardozo of Hackney).

I believe an answer to this question, and to others related to ‘our’ connections, is that the Barrows and the Cardozos were very closely associated as merchants. Both families had known each other in Amsterdam before arriving in London in the late 17th C. Both had traded extensively in Barbados, particularly, and throughout the Caribbean generally. Samuel Nunes Cardozo traded, inter alia, through a company named Isaac Paris & Co. (partnership subsequently wound up in 1811). The families were also closely linked through their association with Freemasonry. Samuel Nunes Cardozo and John Baruch Lousada, for instance, appear as stewards at a Masonic function in 1833 (John Baruch Lousada representing the Lodge of Antiquity and Samuel Cardozo as P.M. of Moira Lodge) in an event to promote subscriptions to a work entitled ‘Two Hebrew grammars and the Enlightenment’.

Joseph Barrow Cardozo changed his surname to Barrow, I have on record, "out of respect for his benefactor Joseph Barrow of Barbadoes, Merchant, and with the consent of Simon Barrow of Bath, his nephew and heir”. A change of name by Royal Licence is not unusual, indeed documents on the subject state that 'A surname may also be altered or changed by Royal Licence. Arms granted to one family can only be transferred to another person not in legitimate male line of descent from the original grantee by means of a Royal Licence, followed by an exemplification of the arms. A Royal Licence is usually granted, on the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice, where the petitioner is required by a clause in a will to assume the name and arms of the testator, in order to inherit a legacy, but voluntary applications are also entertained’.

I would imagine that it was a fiduciary/financial reason coupled with a respect for his Barrow benefactor, more than one related to the prestige of the name Barrow, that led Joseph Barrow Cardozo to change his surname to Barrow.

I think it was these very close family and commercial ties, not to mention possibly very personal and mutual favours which we are unlikely ever to discover, that lie behind the 1798 Jacob Barrow bequest to Samuel Nunes Cardozo (Joseph Barrow Barrow’s father) and behind the 1831 one of Isaac Baruh Lousada’s, of London, again to Samuel Cardozo.

The families at the time of these legacies and the name change were related by marriage but only very tenuously so. Jael Nunes #61 who married Jacob Barrow #60 was not a Nunes Cardozo. Jael’s father was simply a Nunes, unrelated as far as I can ascertain to the Nunes Cardozo family."

Comment:

This helpful account by Geoffrey Cardozo expands our understanding and we have only one query - that it was not the Barrows who were in Amsterdam but their in-law Isaac Levi who came with them to Barbados from Livorno and then went to Amsterdam where his son Abraham also lived. We have however not found direct evidence of their presence in Amsterdam (eg burial data) yet. The Joseph Barrow who is referred to below is not Joseph Barrow #238 who died in 1806.

On 7 Dec 2016 Chris Deeley commented as follows on Geoffrey Cardozo's contribution: - I too am directly descended from Samuel Nunes Cardozo (SNC: 1777-1839). SNC was descended from David and Rachel Cardozo, who moved to London from Amsterdam in or shortly after 1657. In the 1660s they were living in St James', Duke's Place. The line of descent from David to SNC was Isaac - Jacob - Abraham (a snuff maker) - Isaac - SNC. SNC married Ann Page on 10 July 1796 in St Marylebone. I suspect that Ann Page was not Jewish and that by the time of his marriage SNC was no longer practicing his religion. I am descended from SNC's son Sam Cardozo Jnr., who moved to Redruth, Cornwall, after SNC became a mining agent in London. Sam Cardozo Jnr was in the family business and an occasional mine manager. He did rather well for himself by marrying a very young Rosamond Penrose (of the great Cornish family) in 1819. They had a son, Joseph Benjamin, also known as Joseph Barrow, who emigrated to India, joined Skinner's Horse and married Adeline Cammiade. Thereafter the Cardozos and Cammiades had an endogamous association. I don't think there's any evidence of the Cardozos and Barrows being acquainted in Amsterdam. I suspect that the connection was through trade, being tobacco from Barbados to London (possibly via Penzance? Joseph Barrow donated ten pounds to the Penzance Jewish Congregation in 1815).